Chet

Dynamite was invented in 1866 by Alfred Nobel and patented in 1867. He was born on the 21 October 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. He died in 1896 10 December from a cerebral haemorrhage. Dynamite was used in construction and mining.

       Alfred Nobel is born in Stockholm, Sweden. In the same year, his father – Immanuel Nobel – goes bankrupt. || Immanuel Nobel travels to Finland and then to St Petersburg, Russia, where he starts a mechanical workshop; he leaves his family behind in Sweden. || The Nobel family is reunited in St Petersburg. || The Crimean War rages.
 * Alfred Nobel - Timeline **
 * 1833 ** ||
 * 1833 ** ||
 * 1837 ** ||
 * 1837 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1842 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1842 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1842 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1853-1856 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1853-1856 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1853-1856 ** ||

The Nobel Company flourishes at first, but goes bankrupt as the war ends and the Russian military cancels orders.

Alfred Nobel searches desperately for new products. Nikolai N. Zinin, Nobel's chemistry teacher, reminds him of nitroglycerin. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nobel obtains the first patent on nitroglycerin (blasting oil) as an industrial explosive. He develops and patents a detonator (blasting cap) for triggering the explosion of nitroglycerin. He also moves to Stockholm, where he continues his experiments. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Emil, Alfred Nobel's brother, is killed during the preparation of nitroglycerin at Heleneborg, Stockholm.
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1863 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1863 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1863 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1864 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1864 ** ||

Nobel continues his experiments and forms the company Nitroglycerin AB in Stockholm, Sweden. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alfred Nobel improves the blasting cap design and moves to Germany to set up the Alfred Nobel & Co Factory in Krümmel near Hamburg. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1865 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1865 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1866 ** ||

A violent explosion destroys the Krümmel plant. Experimenting on a raft anchored on the river Elbe, Alfred Nobel tries to make nitroglycerin safer to handle. He finds that nitroglycerin is stabilized by the addition of //kieselguhr// (a siliceous deposit; also known as diatomaceous earth), and calls this mixture dynamite. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alfred Nobel obtains a patent for dynamite. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nobel establishes the British Dynamite Company (Ardeer, Scotland, UK). In 1877 the company name is changed to Nobel's Explosives Company. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Immanuel, Alfred Nobel's father, passes away. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">At the age of 40 Alfred Nobel is a wealthy man. He moves to Paris and settles at Avenue Malakoff.
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1867 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1867 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1871 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1871 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1872 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1872 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1873 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1873 ** ||

The manufacture of nitroglycerin and dynamite starts at Ardeer. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dynamite Nobel is formed by merging Nobel's Italian and Swiss companies. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alfred Nobel buys an estate and laboratory at Sevran outside Paris. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">German Union is formed by merging DAG and a group of German dynamite companies. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nobel-Dynamite Trust Co (London, UK) is formed by merging DAG and the Nobel's Explosives Company. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nobel obtains a patent for the blasting powder "ballistite" in France. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Andriette, Alfred Nobel's mother, passes away. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alfred Nobel leaves Paris and settles in San Remo, Italy, after a dispute with the French government over ballistite. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alfred Nobel hires Ragnar Sohlman, who he later names executor of his will and testament. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alfred Nobel buys a small machine works (Bofors-Gullspång) and a manor (Björkborn) at Karlskoga, Sweden. || <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alfred Nobel dies at his home in San Remo, Italy, on 10 December 1896. ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1880 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1880 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1880 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1880 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1881 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1881 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1885 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1885 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1886 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1886 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1887 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1887 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1889 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1889 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1891 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1891 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1893 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1893 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1894 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1894 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1896 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1896 ** ||
 * <span style="font-size: 6.5pt; color: #023c59; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1896 ** ||